Hassan-i Sabbah

Religious and military leader, founder of the Order of Assassins and the Nizari Ismaili.

Hassan-i Sabbah was the founder and first leader of the Order of Assassins. Born in [Qom], Iran, legend holds that his childhood friends included Nizam al-Mulk and Omar Khayyam. The Ismaili Fatimid Caliphate sent him to Persia as a missionary, leading to the capture of Alamut Castle in 1090. However, he broke with the Fatimids by recognizing Nizar ibn al-Mustansir as the rightful Imam, thereby establishing the Nizari Ismaili movement. When threatened by superior military forces, Sabbah innovated the strategy of targeted political assassination, beginning with his former friend Nizam al-Mulk. His rule established Alamut as both a military stronghold and a center of learning.

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Timeline for Hassan-i Sabbah

  1. Historical, The Islamic Golden Age

    Birth of Hassan-i Sabbah

    Hassan-i Sabbah is born in Qom, modern-day Iran. As a child, he is said to have been good friends with the future politician Nizam al-Mulk and the poet Omar Khayyam.

  2. Historical, The Islamic Golden Age

    Capture of Alamut

    Hassan-i Sabbah (40), a military commander and intellectual who had fallen out of favour with the Egyptian Fatimid Caliphate, completes a missionary tour of Persia by capturing Alamut Castle. He establishes his own Ismaili sect.

  3. Historical, The Islamic Golden Age

    Formation of the Assassins

    Nizam al-Mulk attempts to stamp out Hassan-i Sabbah’s sect at Alamut. Without a large army, Hassan-i Sabbah (42) creates the Order of Assassins, devotees who systematically remove political opposition through selective murder. Nizam becomes the Order’s first victim.

  4. Historical, The Islamic Golden Age

    Nizari Schism

    A crisis in the Egyptian Fatimid Caliphate leads to a schism when the Caliph’s eldest son, Nizar ibn al-Mustansir, is overlooked for succession. Hassan-i Sabbah (44) recognises Nizar as the Imam of his movement, the Nizari Ismaili.

  5. Historical, The Islamic Golden Age

    Expansion to Lambsar

    Kiyā Buzurg-Ummīd conquers Lambsar Castle for the Nizari Ismaili and serves as its governor for Hassan-i Sabbah (49). This starts the expansion of the Nizari Ismaili by conquering a string of mountain fortresses from northern Persia across to Syria and the Levant.

Hassan-i Sabbah
Order of Assassins
Reign1092 AD – 1124 AD
(Founder)
PredecessorFounder.
SuccessorKiyā Buzurg-Ummīd
Biographical Data
Species/Race Human
Gender Male
Born 1050 AD
Qom, Iran
Died 1124 AD (aged 74)
Alamut, Iran
(Old age)
Affiliation
Allegiance Nizari Ismaili
Order of Assassins
Religion Shia Islam

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